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International Cooking Measurement Reference

US customary · Metric · Australian · Imperial distinctions · Reviewed 14 September 2026

Kitchen quick reference

Most important rule: cups, tablespoons and fluid ounces are volume measures. Grams and ordinary ounces are mass measures. Converting grams ↔ cups requires an ingredient-specific reference weight or density.

1. Core cooking measures

Standard	Cup	Tablespoon	Teaspoon	Fluid ounce
US customary	236.588 mL	14.787 mL	4.929 mL	29.574 mL
Metric cooking convention	250 mL	15 mL	5 mL	—
Australian metric	250 mL	20 mL	5 mL	—
Imperial / UK	Check recipe source; modern UK recipes generally use metric measures	Check source	Check source	28.413 mL

2. Common US cup fractions

Cup	US tbsp	mL
1/4	4	59.147
1/3	5 1/3	78.863
1/2	8	118.294
2/3	10 2/3	157.725
3/4	12	177.441
1	16	236.588

3. US vs Imperial fluid ounces

Measure	mL
1 US fl oz	29.5735
1 Imperial fl oz	28.4131
8 US fl oz	236.588
10 Imperial fl oz	284.131

Do not use a US fluid-ounce factor for an Imperial recipe.

4. Common ingredient reference weights per US cup

Ingredient	g / US cup	Ingredient	g / US cup
All-purpose flour	120	Granulated sugar	198
Whole-wheat flour	113	Packed brown sugar	213
Almond flour	96	Confectioners' sugar	113
Rolled oats	89	Unsweetened cocoa	84
Butter	226	Chocolate chips	170
Honey	336	Peanut butter	270

Ingredient weights are practical culinary reference values and can vary with brand, grind, packing method, moisture and temperature. For precision baking, weigh ingredients directly.

5. When converting grams ↔ cups

Grams to cups
cups = grams ÷ grams per selected cup

Cups to grams
grams = cups × grams per selected cup

Sources

NIST Guide to the SI Appendix B.8; NIST Metric Kitchen; Food Standards Australia/New Zealand measurement conventions; King Arthur Baking ingredient weight chart. Full source links and methodology: solveberry.com/cooking-measurement-standards/